文章太长了，就不贴全文了，不过写得确实不错，我摘要一下，然后把结论贴过来。
原文链接：
https://www.techpowerup.com/265303/x86-lacks-innovation-arm-is-catching-up-enough-to-replace-the-giant
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标题：x86 Lacks Innovation, Arm is Catching up. Enough to Replace the Giant?

licensing：X86需要Intel授权，X86_64需要AMD授权，相对比较封闭，不是有了技术想做就能做。arm的授权更灵活，想得到授权的公司，只要付一笔相对低廉的费用，就能得到授权。

软件支持：X86是事实上的标准，ARM架构的软件在PC平台上还比较少，比如adobe等的软件都没有发布arm平台的版本，

性能：Intel靠X86进入移动平台的尝试已经宣告失败，原因是没法控制好功耗。相反，在PC和服务器领域， arm架构的芯片性能正在慢慢追上来，逐渐威胁到X86体系了

苹果与微软的态度：开始尝试了支持arm架构

服务器领域：已经有公司用arm搭建服务器平台，arm的低功耗是一个大优势，因为电费是数据中心的一项主要成本组成部分。（注：华为好像在推arm架构的服务器）
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结论部分：
Arm-based processors are lower-cost than Intel and AMD based solutions,
while having comparable performance, and consuming less energy. At least
that's the promise. I think that servers are the first line where x86 will slowly
phase away, and consumer products are second, with Apple pursuing custom
chips and Microsoft already offering Arm-based laptops.

On the other hand, eulogies of x86 tend to be cyclical. Just when it appears
that Arm has achieved enough performance per Watt to challenge Intel in
the ultra-compact client-computing segments, Intel pushes back. Lakefield
is an ambitious effort by Intel to take on Arm by combining high-efficiency
and high-performance cores onto a single chip, along with packaging
innovations relevant to ultra-portables. When it comes out, Lakefield could
halt Arm in its tracks as it seeks out high-volume client-computing segments
such as Apple's MacBooks. Lakefield has the potential to make Apple
second-guess itself. It's very likely that Apple's forward-looking decisions
were the main reason Intel sat down to design it.

So far, Arm ISA is dominant in the mobile space. Phones manufactured by
Samsung, Apple, Huawei and many more feature a processor that has an
Arm-based CPU inside. Intel tried to get into the mobile space with its x86
CPUs but failed due to their inefficiency. The adoption rate was low, and
some manufacturers like Apple preferred to do custom designs. However,
SoftBank didn't pay $31 billion to acquire ARM just so it could eke out
revenues from licensing the IP to smartphone makers. The architecture is
designed for processors of all shapes and sizes. Right now it takes companies
with complete control over their product stack, such as Amazon and Apple,
to get Arm to a point where it is a viable choice in the desktop and server
space. By switching to Arm, vendors could see financial benefit as well. It is
reported that Apple could see reduction in processor prices anywhere from
40% to 60% by going custom Arm. Amazon offers Graviton 2 based instances
that are lower-priced compared to Xeon or EPYC based solutions. Of course
complete control of both hardware and software comes with its own benefits,
as a vendor can implement any feature that users potentially need, without a
need to hope that a 3rd party will implement them. Custom design of course
has some added upfront development costs, however, the vendor is later
rewarded with lower cost per processor.
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FROM 61.48.15.*