昨天在油管看了印度历史的一个视频(A History of India: Every Year)，这个国家的历史实在是太混乱了，所以比较好奇他们的高中学生怎么学习历史的。毕竟历史是建构国族概念的重要部分。
我稍微研究了下印度的高中教育。他们的高中(Senior secondary school)的历史教学是属于国家教育机构(CBSE)直属管理的课程，网上可以找到2019-20的最新课纲(http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain20/SrSecondary/History.pdf)，从中可以窥见一些端倪。
面对乱麻一般的印度史，印度的教育家明显更为倾向于从多元角度讲述，史料的获得方式和研究方式受到重视，极少的中天竺重要王朝会被提及，如孔雀，莫卧儿，但泰米尔，羯陵伽，德干高原的历史被忽略了。近现代史印象比较深刻的是，没有就1948年独立分为两个部分。历史课使用印地语讲授。

CLASS XII Themes in Indian History (2019-20)
INTRODUCTION
History is one of the most important disciplines in school education. It is the study of the past, which helps us to understand our present and shape our future. It promotes the acquisition and understanding of historical knowledge in breath and in depth across cultures.
The course of history in senior secondary classes is to enable students to know that history is a critical discipline, a process of enquiry, a way of knowing about the past rather than just a collection of facts. The syllabus helps them to understand the process, through which a historian collects, chooses, scrutinizes and assembles different types of evidences to write history.
The syllabus in class-XI is organized around some major themes in world history. In class XII the focus shifts to a detailed study of some themes in ancient, medieval and modern Indian history.
CBSE has decided to introduce project work in history for classes XI and XII in 2013-14 as a part of regular studies in classroom, as project work gives students an opportunity to
develop higher cognitive skills. It takes students to a life beyond text books and provides them a platform to refer materials, gather information, analyze it further to obtain relevant information and decide what matter to keep and hence understand how history is constructed.
OBJECTIVES
Project work will help students:
o    To develop skill to gather data from a variety of sources, investigate diverse viewpoints and arrive at logical deductions.
o    To develop skill to comprehend, analyze, interpret, evaluate historical evidence and understand the limitation of historical evidence.
o    To develop 21st century managerial skills of co-ordination, self-direction and time management.
o    To learn to work on diverse cultures, races, religions and lifestyles.
o    To learn through constructivism-a theory based on observation and scientific study.
o    To inculcate a spirit of inquiry and research.
o    To communicate data in the most appropriate form using a variety of techniques.
o    To provide greater opportunity for interaction and exploration.
o    To understand contemporary issues in context to our past.
o    To develop a global perspective and an international outlook.
o    To grow into caring, sensitive individuals capable of making informed, intelligent and independent choices.
o    To develop lasting interest in history discipline.

CONTENT

PART - I?
1. The Story of the First Cities: Harappan Archaeology.
Broad overview: Early urban centres

2.    Political and Economic History: How Inscriptions tell a story. ?
Broad overview: Political and economic history from the Mauryan to the Gupta period ??

3.    Social Histories: Using the Mahabharata ?
Broad overview: Issues in social history, including caste, class, kinship and gender

4. A History of Buddhism: Sanchi Stupa Broad overview:
Broad overview: brief review of religious histories of Vedic religion, Jainism, Vaishnavism, Shaivism (Puranic Hinduism); Focus on Buddhism.?

PART-II
5.    Medieval Society through Travellers' Accounts ?
Broad overview: Outline of social and cultural life as they appear in travellers' accounts. ?

6.    Religious Histories: The Bhakti-Sufi Tradition ?
Broad overview: Outline of religious developments during this period; Ideas and practices of the Bhakti-Sufi saints ?

7.    New Architecture: Hampi
Broad overview: Outline of new buildings during Vijayanagar period-temples, forts, irrigation facilities; Relationship between architecture and the political system ?

8.    Agrarian Relations: The Ain-i-Akbari
Broad overview: Structure of agrarian relations in the 16th and 17th centuries. Patterns of change over the period ?

9.    The Mughal Court: Reconstructing Histories through Chronicles
Broad overview: Outline of political history15th-17th centuries; Discussion of the Mughal court and politics

PART-III
10.    Colonialism and Rural Society: Evidence from Official Reports
Broad overview: Life of zamindars, peasants and artisans in the late 18th century; East India Company, revenue settlements in various regions of India and surveys; Changes over the nineteenth century.

11.    Representations of 1857
Broad overview: The events of 1857-58; Vision of Unity; How these events were recorded and narrated.

12.Colonialism and Indian Towns: Town Plans and Municipal Reports
Broad overview: History of towns in India, colonization and cities, hill stations, town planning of Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.

13. Mahatma Gandhi through Contemporary Eyes
Broad overview: The Nationalist Movement 1918-48; The nature of Gandhian politics and leadership.

14.Partition through Oral Sources
Broad over view: The history of the 1940s; Nationalism, Communalism and Partition.

15.The Making of the Constitution
Broad overview: Independence and the new nation state; The making of the Constitution
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FROM 219.78.18.*