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标 题: 日本佛教与政治的关系简谈 （三） 后话 江户时代到今天的日本佛
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Fri May 28 04:03:26 2004), 站内
【以下文章转自 KGB 的BLOG：★人类文明史★上最好Blog！！！！！！】
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http://www.smth.edu.cn/pc/index.php?id=KGB日志地址：
http://www.smth.edu.cn/pc/pccon.php?id=210&nid=38179&s=all 日本佛教与政治的关系简谈 （三）后话 江户时代到今天的日本佛教与政治 （一稿
）
Japanese Buddhism and Politics: after mediaeval period.
Japanese Buddhism was put to the margin after the suppression of temples’
power by daimyōu Oda Nobunaga （織田信長）. Oda Nobunaga actually defeated
the Ishiyama Honganji (石山本願寺) (which is also the centre of the
Anti-Nobunaga League （反信長包囲網）) and burned Tendai Shū'（天台宗）s
Enryakuji on the Moutain of Hiei (比叡山) to the ground, he set forth a
series of policies and establish new laws to reduce temples' privalages, and
were implemented and followed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi （豊臣秀吉） and Tokugawa
Ieyasu （徳川家康）resepctively. After the Azuchi-Momoyama （安土桃山）period
buddihst temples lost much of the pillars of their political power, i.e. sō
hei, landholdings and economic resources, and thus lost much of their
autonomy and independence, The relationship between Buddhism and the state,
society, was redefined: Buddhism again became subservient to the state and
subjected to central authority. It was actually transformed into a means of
the state’s control over civil society (household system in Edo period
undertake Tokugawa bakufu). In late Edo （江户） period and Meiji period
there had been a rise of Nativism/Nationalism, and Shinto was restored to its
primacy and became state religion of Japan, until the end of World War II.
The end of World War II brought forth a wave of “new religions” （新宗教）,
amongst which several were Buddhist. The most important one was the Soka
Gakkai （創価学会）, a lay offshoot of Nichren Shoshu （日蓮正宗）. Soka
Gakkai has been enormously political, and unprecedentedly founded a political
party, the Komeito （公明党）(in 1964), to advance its own agenda in
parliamentary politics. Komeito has been very successful, placed a real
alternative to the traditional left (though it has now been more centre-right
and conservative), but also elicited new concerns from the Japanese public
that to what extent religion should be associated with politics. Komeito has
later split with Soka Gakkai (and Soka Gakkai itself has split with Nichren
Shoshu) to be “politically independent from religious influence”, but the
connexion between the two bodies remains considerably substantial; the
majority of votes of Komeito are still members of Soka Gakkai.
The advance of Soka Gakkai and Komeito signalled a new age of Japanese
Buddhism’s engagement of state politics, via the channel of parliamentary
democracy. This, however, is but a continuation of the tradition of political
engagement and/or activism in Japanese Buddhism
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修改:KGB FROM 82.39.42.*
FROM 82.39.42.*