Bivar (1972) constructed an influential theory on the development of Sassanian armor stressing force and counterforce. Out of the Parthian era, the Persians keep the mailed lancers. Improvements in armor from about 200-350 AD lead to a decline in horse archery in the area. The Chionite (Hun) invasions of the mid-4th century change this balance, which Arab sources date to about 421, in favor of the higher- powered compound bow. Procopius writing in the 6th century laid great stock in the armored horse archer of his day. Bivar's concept attempts to explain this enthusiasm and the regional changes that lead to it.

【 在 bearn (秉烛堂主) 的大作中提到: 】
: 查士丁尼时代拜占庭的骑兵恐怕主要是西徐亚等族的雇佣军
: 真正的拜占庭重骑兵应该是7世纪以后组建的
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