https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22139567/The kidney and the liver play a central role in protein metabolism. Synthesis of albumin and other proteins occurs mainly in the liver, whereas protein breakdown and excretion are handled through an intricate interaction between these two organ systems. Thus, disease states of either the liver and/or the kidney invariably result in clinically relevant disturbances of protein metabolism. Conversely, metabolic processes regulated by these two organs are directly affected by dietary protein intake. Of particular importance in this respect is the maintenance of acid/base homeostasis. Finally, both the amount and composition of ingested proteins have a direct impact on renal function, especially in a state of diseased kidneys. Consequently, dietary protein intake is of paramount importance in patients with chronic nephropathy and renal insufficiency. Limitation of ingested protein, particularly from animal sources, is crucial in order to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and impaired renal function. In contrast, patients with chronic renal failure undergoing renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, have an increased protein demand. The syndrome of "protein-energy malnutrition" is a relevant factor for morbidity and mortality in this population and requires early detection and vigorous treatment. Protein intake in patients with cirrhosis of the liver should not be diminished as has been earlier suggested but rather increased to 1.0 - 1.2 g/kg body weight/day, in order to prevent protein malnutrition. Moderate restriction depending on protein tolerance (0.5 - 1.2 g/kg body weight/day), with the possible addition of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), has been recommended only in patients with advanced hepatic encephalopathy. Proteins of plant origin are theoretically superior to animal proteins.
肾脏和肝脏在蛋白质代谢中起着核心作用。白蛋白和其他蛋白质的合成主要发生在肝脏中，而蛋白质的分解和排泄则通过这两个器官系统之间复杂的相互作用来处理。因此，肝脏和/或肾脏的疾病状态总是导致临床相关的蛋白质代谢紊乱。相反，由这两个器官调节的代谢过程直接受到饮食蛋白质摄入量的影响。在这方面特别重要的是维持酸/碱稳态。最后，摄入蛋白质的数量和组成都对肾功能有直接影响，特别是在肾脏患病的状态下。因此，饮食中蛋白质的摄入对慢性肾病和肾功能不全的患者至关重要。限制摄入蛋白质，特别是动物来源的蛋白质，对于减缓慢性肾脏疾病的进展和肾功能受损至关重要。相反，慢性肾功能衰竭患者通过血液透析或腹膜透析进行肾脏替代治疗，对蛋白质的需求增加。“蛋白质-能量营养不良”综合征是这一人群发病率和死亡率的相关因素，需要早期发现和积极治疗。肝硬化患者的蛋白质摄入量不应像之前建议的那样减少，而应增加到1.0 - 1.2 g/kg体重/天，以防止蛋白质营养不良。根据蛋白质耐量(0.5 - 1.2 g/kg体重/天)适度限制，并可能添加支链氨基酸(BCAA)，仅推荐用于晚期肝性脑病患者。植物来源的蛋白质理论上优于动物蛋白质。
【 在 greenfireff 的大作中提到: 】
:
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2/3761246?fr=aladdin: 分解
: 氨基酸的分解代谢主要在肝脏中进行。
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