足球运动核心精神之一是公平竞赛。但平等或公平竞赛不一定保证足球运动是公正或公道。难道会这样？比如？
Fair Play or equality is one of the core spirits of the Game. However, the game may turn out as unjust. Really? Any examples?
足球竞赛规则第一条关于球门尺寸的规定就是一个例子。英格兰足总1863年规定其宽度为7.32米，1882年规定其高度为2.44米。该规则在近150年间，没有变过。
Here there is one. Law 1 of the Game, the goal size. England FA defined the width of goal as 7.32 meters in the year 1863 and the height of the goal as 2.44 meters in the year 1882 respectively. Since then, no change.
除了青少年、中老年和残疾人足球外，全球统一的球门尺寸对双方球队而言是公平的，而且每场都大小一样，不论任何级别、任何比赛。
This Law is universal and as such, it is fair for both teams in a match and for teams playing against other opponents, no matter their levels, nor the locations, except for junior, senior or disabled football.
但英国人的身高变了。下图显示150年前其平均身高1.67米，100年后平均身高1.77米。
But the average height of British has been increased from 1.67m in year 1871 to 1.77m in year 1971.
守门员的身高的变化更不一样。根据一项研究，最近十年，欧洲31个国家的守门员的平均身高已经达到1.88米。作者估计，欧洲守门员平均身高比150年前平均高了10%。
1.88 meters is the average goalie's height now across European 31 countries, a Reddit study found out.
而且守门员的运动能力比150年前大幅提高。过去的守门员的鱼跃救球是偶尔的奇迹，现在是每个守门员的标配。现在的优秀的守门员除了四个死角外，其他区域都能照顾到。
More than that, the goalkeeping athletic skills in the last 150 years have been dramatically improved.Dive to save was once conceived as a miracle but now becomes a standard. And to cover the whole goal area is possible, except the four corners. (see a Blogsport picture below).
这对足球运动有何影响？看下图。
How have the change impacted on the game? See the chart below.
英格兰四级联赛的平均每场进球数从1890年的4.5个下降到2010年的2.5个。很多原因。其中一个，可能是过去150年间守门员身高和运动技能的大幅提升而球门大小保持不变造成的。其结果是，足球的观赏性和娱乐性大幅降低，而且足球的公道或公正受到质疑。此话怎讲？
English football has seen sadly that the average goal scoring has dropped sharply from 4.5 per game in the year 1890 down to 2.5 in the year 2010. One of the key contributors, may we argue, is that the goal size remains as the same, but the goalkeeping ability has risen materially due to the upping of the height and the skills of goalkeepers in the last 150 years.On one side, the entertaining value of our game has decreased due to lower scoring but more important is that the fairness of the game may be questioned. How could it be?
如果弱队有好的守门员，其通过防守反击击败强队的机会，现在的比150年前大多了。这对强队是不公平的。有例子吗？有。比如2018年世界杯。看下面2018年世界杯国际足联的射中球框内和进球数的32个队的统计。
The weaker teams have much better chances now than 150 years ago to surprise their stronger opponents, by playing deeper and counter-attacking. This is unfair. Any examples? Yes, FWC2018.Look at the FWC2018 TSG Statistics of average shots on target per goal.
最终的前四名法国、克罗地亚、英国、比利时。而他们也是射中门框内次数最少的8个队中的四个。而赛前世界排名第一的德国和公认强队巴西，虽然在俄罗斯世界杯中射中门框内的次数是最高的前三名队伍中两个，而且是前面四个队的3-4倍，但最后成绩和其射门次数完全不成正比。
The final four, France, Croatia, England and Belgium are among bottom 8 with the least shots on target but more efficient. To the contrary, World ranking No. 1 Germany and another favor Brazil registered as top 3 shots on targets but their efforts were not materialized due to, somehow, the relevant smaller goals.
看看我们足球运动的竞争者。哈佛大学最新的一项统计研究表明，在NBA比赛中，进攻性球队总体上是胜利者。
Look at our competitors. Harvard U. research found out that at NBA more offensive teams win.
在足球界，一句名言是，‘进攻可能赢下单场比赛，防守能拿冠军’。这句话在赛会制特别是单场淘汰赛中特别‘有效’。
But in soccer, there is a popular saying that 'offense wins matches and defense wins champions'.
不仅是赛会制，联赛也中毒了。一项数据研究显示，1997-2017年十年间，英超、德甲、西甲的冠军，每3个进攻性冠军就有2个防守型的冠军队伍搭配。最‘消极’的是意甲，20个赛季的冠军中一半是防守型球队拿到。
The defense virus spreads from tournaments into leagues. A statistic by Tacticsplatform found out that that trend in the top 4 European leagues, from 1997 to 2017 and the worse is Serie A, 50% of champions are won by the defensive teams.
当今欧洲守门员的身高是150年前的1.1倍，因此我们是不是应该把球门相应增大10%，即高度为2.68米，宽度为8.05米？
Since the goalie's size is 10% higher than 150 years ago in Europe, should the goal size be enlarged 10% more than the standard one? That means, 2.68 meters high and 8.05 meters wide.
这样，一方面能有更多的进球，足球运动更具观赏性，另一方面，更重要的是，更公道或者公正，因为强队被爆冷的机会就少多了，强队赢球是必然，弱队赢球是偶然。
As such, on one side, we would see more exciting games than boring ones, but more important, would the game be less unjust, since the stronger teams had better chances to win.
关于球门，在足球运动公平、平等和公道、公正的问题上，我们似乎已经有了结论。且慢，凡事三思。
At this moment, it sounds that we have a reasonable conclusion and find the balance between fairness and justice in term of the goal size. Hold on one moment. We got be careful. Is that simple. 2 more questions are to be asked.
第一，足球是世界运动。前面说的是欧洲人。亚洲人身高怎么样？看下表。
First. Football is a world game. How is the Asian's size? Do theirs match those European's? See the chart below.
上表显示，虽然过去200年，亚洲人（中、日、伊朗为例）大幅提高到1.72米，但比欧洲人（法国、英国、德国、荷兰为例）还差5-10厘米。球门扩大1.1倍，当亚洲对欧洲球队时，公平吗？亚洲球队和欧洲球队的差距好不容易最近20年缩小了，这一扩大球门，不是又拉大了吗？
Although Asian's see significant changes but their average are 5cm-8cm shorter than their European's counterparts. As such, would a bigger goal be justified for Asian's, if they play against European's? When the gap between Asain's and European's football be wider again after the Asian's have closed up very much in the last 20 years?
第二，如果球门保持现状，弱队爆冷的机会多很多，这对一个国家的足球落后地区的发展很有好处，对低级别的俱乐部有好处；在全世界范围内，对足球落后的地方，如亚洲有好处。但是如果球门大10%，会不会足球运动变成强者恒强，而且可能演变成NBA一样，变成个别洲的运动（在足球是欧洲或南美的运动）而不再能保持其世界第一运动的地位？
Second, would the hopes of weaker teams be diminished when the stronger teams winning percentages increased from gaining over the bigger goal? Is that good for the game, in term of promotion and development among a country? Would that lead to soccer become a European's and South American's sports only, like basketball dominated by American's? Is that outcome just?
我们能否根据上面的分析小结如下：
1）当今足球球门尺寸，已经不反映150年前规则确定时的人的身高和能力，不再公道了。
2）足球门尺寸如果调大了，是公平的，因为所有队伍都一样。
3）足球门尺寸如果调大了，对欧洲队或强队是公道的或更公正，但对亚洲队或弱队不公道。
May we wrap up as such?
1) the goal size doesn't reflect the ability of goalies anymore, is unjust.
2) If it was enlarged, it would be fair, since both teams are treated equally.
3) If it was expanded, it may be more just for European or stronger teams but unjust for Asian or weaker teams.
那到底怎么办？是追求公平、平等还是公道、公正？是普世公道还是部分公道？能否在两者间找到平衡？还是能找到一个办法能解决两方面的难题，满足两者的需要。这是人类也是足球运动一直探索的。足球就是在这个探索中不断发展和前进。这是足球运动规律之三：公平VS公正。
So what are the Are you for fariness or equality, or justice or equalty? May we find out a balanced point or figure out a solution satisfying both? This is one of the fundamental philosophical questions asked by human being as well as by football's community. The process to explore the answer to the question, fairness vs justice, equality vs equity, marks the Nature 3 of the Game.
您觉得足球球门的尺寸应该保持不变或调大10%？还是缩小10%，这样亚洲或者弱队和欧洲或强队的距离更容易拉近，世界足球更普惠？
May you share your thoughts? Should the goal size be remained the same or 10% larger? or 10% lesser, so that the gap between Asian's and Europeans', between those stronger and those weaker, are reduced, so that the world football is more popular?
From: FT Guardians FC
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