网上查到的文章
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5391033/

主要摘要：
Hierarchical cluster analyses were used to detect three subgroups in a sample of children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) evaluated at ages 2 and 4. At age 2, Cluster 1 demonstrated few autism symptoms and high cognitive scores; 60% no longer met criteria for PDD at 4. Cluster 2 exhibited more autism symptoms and lower cognitive scores at 2; 89.5% met criteria for ASD at 4. Cluster 3 had the lowest cognitive scores and most impaired social/communication skills at 2, but no repetitive behaviors; 60% diagnosed with Autistic Disorder at 4. Results shed light on outcomes for different PDD-NOS types and raise questions regarding the increased importance of repetitive behaviors in DSM-5.

也就是说60%在两岁发现少量自闭症症状但是认知得分高的PDD-NOS的小孩在4岁就没有被诊断成PDD-NOS（也就是说就是nt），但是更多自闭症表现同时认知得分低的89.5%在4岁被诊断成自闭症ASD，同时即使认知得分非常低，但是没有重复行为的，40%在4岁没有被诊断成自闭症，所以现在把刻板行为看做很重要的标准，因为如果没有刻板行为，哪怕认知低也比有刻板行为的分组发展要好，而认知得分高的哪怕有自闭症症状，很大概率就是会发展很好，成为nt

Several studies have found that children with PDD-NOS were more likely than those with other ASD diagnoses to achieve “optimal outcomes” as they grew older. An “optimal outcome” refers to children who were diagnosed with an ASD at an early age but no longer demonstrate ASD symptoms when revaluated later in development. A study by Sutera and colleagues (2007) found that 39% of their sample of 11 children diagnosed with PDD-NOS at approximately 2 years of age no longer met criteria for an ASD by the time they were 4-years-old. This rate of achieving “optimal outcomes” by children with PDD-NOS was significantly greater than that of children diagnosed with Autistic Disorder at 11% (Sutera et al. 2007). This pattern of children with PDD-NOS no longer meeting criteria for an ASD at age 4 has been demonstrated in several other studies (Berry 2009; Helt et al. 2008; Lord et al. 2006). Berry and colleagues (2009) looked at diagnostic outcomes for children diagnosed with PDD-NOS at age 2 when re-evaluated at age 4 and found several factors to be predictive of “optimal outcomes” at age 4 (Berry 2009). These included better motor abilities early in development as reported by the parents, low symptom severity at initial diagnosis, presence of few repetitive behaviors, higher adaptive skills as measured by parent-report, and higher expressive language abilities on a developmental assessment measure (Berry 2009). These findings suggest that there may be patterns of characteristics within PDD-NOS that might provide information about potential future outcomes.

另外诊断为PDD-NOS的人大部分在4岁发展都比较正面，有40%小孩2岁诊断为PDD-NOS的在4岁不再符合ASD的诊断标准

另外，诊断时父母报告有早期更好的运动能力、初始诊断时较低的症状严重程度、更少出现重复行为、父母报告测量的更高的适应能力以及发展评估测量的更高的表达语言能力都代表未来的发展更加乐观，可以做个参考
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