Evolution of the Draft and Lottery
1947-65: Territorial Picks
In the league's early years, when teams were struggling to include fan bases,
the draft included territorial picks. Before the start of the draft, a team
could forfeit its first-round pick and instead select a player from its
immediate area, presumably with a strong local following.
In 1956, the Celtics used a territorial pick to select Tom Heinsohn from Holy
Cross in nearby Worcester, Mass. He went on to average 18.6 points and 8.8
rebounds, helping the Celtics to eight NBA championships in his nine-year
career.
1947-65 地域选秀
在联盟的早些年里，当球队苦于增加当地球迷时，就会用地域选秀，
在开始选秀之前，球队可以放弃他的第一轮选秀来选当地出身的球员，
希望能藉此以增加当地票房。
在1956年，Celtics用地域选秀权选了来自Holy Cross（Worcester,
Mass）的 Tom Heinsohn。他平均有18.6分和8.8个板子，在他生涯的
9年中为Celtics拿了8个冠军。
1966-84: Coin Flip
In 1966, the league adopted a coin flip between the last-place finishers in
each of its two divisions to determine which team would open the draft, a
system that remained in place until the first lottery in 1985. The remaining
teams picked in inverse order of their won-lost records.
In 1979, the 31-51 Chicago Bulls called "heads" and the coin came up "tails,"
thereby giving the first pick to the 26-56 New Orleans Jazz. But the Jazz had
to compensate the Lakers for having signed Los Angeles free agent Gail
Goodrich and did so with three draft picks, including New Orleans' first
round pick in 1979. This became the No. 1 pick after the coin toss, which in
turn became Magic Johnson out of Michigan State.
The next season, led by their rookie guard, the Lakers became NBA champions
for the second time since moving to Los Angeles. Oh yes, and the New Orleans
Jazz became the Utah Jazz.
1966-84：丢硬币
在1966年，两个分区最烂的球队用丢硬币决定最后的顺序，哪一支球队能
得到第一选秀权，这个方法一直到1985年才被乐透取代，而剩下的球队就
用战绩来决定顺序。
在1979年，31胜51败的公牛队赌输了（他赌正面，而爵士队赌反面），因此
第一顺位被26胜56败的爵士拿走，但是爵士必须用3个选秀权补偿湖人队（
包括这个状元签），因为他签下了他们的自由球员Gail Goodrich，而这个
状元就是来自Michigan State的Magic Johnson。
下个球季，这个菜鸟后卫帮湖人得到他们搬到Los Angeles后的第2个冠军，
没错，当年的New Orleans Jazz 在下个球季变成了Utah Jazz。
1985: The First Lottery
Under the system adopted prior to the 1985 NBA Draft, the NBA Lottery
determined the order of selection for the non-playoff teams (or the teams
holding their picks through trades) for the first round only. Teams picked in
inverse order of their records in the second round in all succeeding rounds.
In 1985, the jackpot of the very first NBA draft lottery was 7-0 Georgetown
center Patrick Ewing. All seven teams that didn't make the playoffs had an
equal chance of landing the No.1 pick and thereby, Ewing. A lucky bounce of
the ping pong balls made the New York Knicks the first draft lottery winner
and then-general manager (and Hall of Famer) Dave DeBusschere rose from his
seat with a celebratory fist pump.
New York selected Ewing with the first overall pick in the 1985 draft and
Ewing went on to play 15 seasons for the Knicks, leading them to the playoffs
13 times.
1985:第一次乐透
在1985年，NBA选秀制度又有了新的改变，用乐透来决定那些没打进季后
赛的球队（或经由交易而得到那个选秀权的球队）第一轮的选秀顺序，而
其他顺序就由战绩来决定。
在1985年，当年的超级新人是来自Georgetown的7尺中锋Patrick Ewing，
有7支没打进季后赛的球队有相等的机会能得到状元签，并因而选到Ewing
，最后幸运的赢家是New York Knicks，他们的GM Dave DeBusschere（入选
名人堂）高兴的从座位上跳起来。
纽约用状元签选了Ewing，而Ewing为纽约打了15年的球，并且带领球队13度
打入季后赛。
（事实上，有谣言传出联盟为了让Patrick Ewing到大都市纽约，用冰过的
信封来作弊。）
1987-Present: Top Three Teams
Under a procedural change adopted by the Board of Governors in October of
1986, the Lottery determined the order of selection for the first three teams
only. The remaining non-playoff teams selected in inverse order of their
regular season records. Therefore, the team with the worst record in the
league was assured of picking no worse than fourth, the team with the
second-worst record no worse than fifth and so on.
In 1987, the Clippers finished with a league-worst 12-70 record, but didn't
strike it lucky in the lottery and under the new rules, wound up with the
fourth pick. The Spurs, who had the fourth-worst record at 28-54 struck gold
with Navy center David Robinson at No. 1. Only one of the three worst teams
that year wound up with one of the top three picks -- New Jersey, which
picked Ohio State guard Dennis Hopson.
In 1988, again only one of the three worst teams wound up with one of the top
three picks, but at least this time, the Clippers' lowest winning percentage
paid off and L.A. won the draft lottery. The Clippers used the No. 1 pick on
Kansas forward Danny Manning.
1987：三支「顶尖」的球队
在1986年10月，制度有了改变，乐透只用来决定前3顺位，剩下的用战绩的倒序来决定
，全联盟战绩最烂的球队不得低于第4顺位，第二烂的不低于第5顺位，依此类推。在
1987年，快艇队有著全联盟最烂的成绩--12胜70负，但并没有在新制度下得到好处，
只拿到了第4顺位。马刺队---全联盟第4烂的战绩--28胜54负，拿到了状元签，选了
海军中锋David Robinson。当年全联盟3大烂队只有一只拿到前3顺位，就是纽泽西
，他们选了Ohio State的后卫Dennis Hopson。
在1988年，又一次3大烂队中只有一只拿到前3顺位，这次是快艇队，他有三大烂队中
最低的机率，不过他们赢得了乐透，他们选了Kansas的前锋Danny Manning.
1989-Present: Just Two Rounds
In the early years of the draft, teams would select players until they ran
out of prospects. The 1960 draft went 21 rounds. By 1974, it had stabilized
to 10 rounds, which held up until 1985, when the draft was shortened to seven
rounds. By agreement with the National Basketball Players' Association, the
drafts from 1989 onward have been limited to two rounds, which gives
undrafted players the chance to try out for any team.
Since the draft went to two rounds, eight second-round picks have gone on to
become All-Stars: Jazz guard Jeff Hornacek (1992), Pistons forward Dennis
Rodman (1992), Lakers guard Cedric Ceballos (1995), Raptors center Antonio
Davis (2001), Bucks guard Michael Redd (2004), Wizards guard Gilbert Arenas
(2005), Spurs guard Manu Ginobili (2005) and Sonics forward Rashard Lewis
(2005). In 2003, Detroit's Ben Wallace and Indiana's Brad Miller became the
first undrafted players to make the All-Star team.
1989-只有两轮
在早些年的选秀，球队必须要把所有的球员选光，像1960年有21轮，1974年固定为
10轮，直到1985年缩短为7轮，在NBA的同意之下，1989年起只有两轮，但是那些没
入选的球员可以去任何球队做测试。
自从选秀改为两轮后，有8个第二轮明星球员产生了：爵士队后卫Jeff Hornacek (1992)
，活塞队前锋forward DennisRodman (1992), 湖人队后卫 Cedric Ceballos (1995),
暴龙队中锋Antonio Davis (2001),公鹿队后卫Michael Redd (2004),巫师队后卫Gilbert
Arenas(2005),马刺队后卫Manu Ginobili (2005)和超音速队前锋Rashard Lewis(2005)
。在2003年底特律的Ben Wallace和印第安那的Brad Miller成了第一次有没被选上却入选
明星队的球员。
1990-Present: Weighted Lottery System
In a further refinement in October of 1989, the Board of Governors adopted a
weighted system beginning with the 1990 NBA Draft Lottery, which included 11
teams due to expansion. The team with the worst record during the regular
season received 11 chances at the top pick (out of a total of 66), the
second-worst team got 10 chances and the team with the best record among the
non-playoff clubs got one chance.
The Magic defied the new lottery odds by winning the No. 1 pick two years in
a row. In 1992, the weighted system worked in their favor as they parlayed
the second-worst record (21-61) into LSU center Shaquille O'Neal. O'Neal
helped Orlando make a 20-win improvement and the Magic just missed the
playoffs at .500 in 1993. With just one chance out of 66, the Magic scored
the No. 1 pick yet again and selected Michigan forward Chris Webber, trading
him immediately to the Warriors for the draft rights to the No. 3 pick,
Memphis guard Penny Hardaway and three future draft picks.
1990:加权的乐透系统
在1989年，有了新的乐透系统，并在1990年的选秀上实行，当年的乐透，包括扩充球队
共有11队参加。有最差战绩的球队有11/66的机会抽到状元，第2差的是10/66，而这些球
队中战绩最好的只有1/66的机率抽到状元签。
魔术队违抗了这种机率，两续两年得到了状元，在1992年，他们以全联盟第二烂的战绩作
为赌注在这个系统下抽到了状元签，选了LSU的中锋Shaquille O'Neal，O'Neal帮魔术队
多赢了20场球，但他们仍以五成的胜率错过了季后赛，所以只有1/66的机会，但魔术队
又抽到了状元签，并选了Michigan大学的前锋Chris Webber，不过立刻把他交易到勇士
队，换回了Memphis的后卫Penny Hardaway和三个未来的选秀权。
The Board of Governors approved a modification of the Lottery system in
November of 1993 that, effective with the 1994 NBA Draft Lottery, increased
the chances of the teams with the worst records in the league winning one of
the top three picks in the draft while decreasing the lottery chances of the
teams with the best records. The new system increased the chances of the team
with the worst record drawing the first pick in the draft from 16.7 percent
to 25 percent, while decreasing the chances of the team with the best record
among lottery teams from 1.5 percent to 0.5 percent.
乐秀系统又在1993年11月被修改，在1994年生效，增加了全联盟最烂球队的赢得前3顺位
的机会，并减少他们之中战绩最好球队的机会，新的系统增加了全联盟最烂球队赢得状
元签的机会从16.7％到25％，他们之中最好球队则是从1.5％降到0.5％
Under the system, 14 ping-pong balls numbered 1 through 14 are placed in a
drum. There are 1,001 possible combinations when four balls are drawn out of
14, without regard to their order of selection. Prior to the Lottery, 1,000
combinations are assigned to the Lottery teams based on their order of finish
during the regular season. Four balls are drawn to the top to determine a
four-digit combination. The team that has been assigned that combination will
receive the number one pick. The four balls are placed back in the drum and
the process is repeated to determine the number two and three picks. (Note:
If the one unassigned combination is drawn, the balls are drawn to the top
again.)
在这个系统的规范下，14个放在箱子的乒乓球有编号从1一直到14，当从14个球中取出4
个球时总共有1001种组合，再不考虑先后顺序的情况下，参加乐透选秀的球队依照例行
赛战绩分配共可得到1000种组合，4个乒乓球会被升到箱子的顶端成为四位数字的组合，
而被分配那那个组合的球队就能得到第一顺位选秀权。然后这四个球又被放回去，然后
又过程重复，来决定第二和第三顺位。（注：如果抽出的组合情?不在分配的范围之内，
那就再重抽一次。）
1996-2003: 13-team Lottery
In October of 1995, the Board of Governors increased the number of teams
participating in the Lottery from 11 to 13 to account for the addition of
expansion teams Toronto and Vancouver. Starting in 1996, the team with the
worst record in the Lottery continued to have a 25% chance (250 combinations)
of winning the first pick, teams two (20%; 200 combinations) through six
(6.4%; 64 combinations) have slightly fewer chances, team seven (4.4%; 44
combinations) has the same number of chances and teams eight (2.9%; 29
combinations) through 12 (0.6%; six combinations) have slightly more chances.
The number of chances for team 13 (0.5%; five combinations) did not change.
Tied teams split the number of chances and a blind draw determines which team
receives an extra chance if the combined number of chances can not be split
evenly.
1996-2003：13队的乐透
在1995年10月，参加乐透抽签的球队从11队增加到13队，多出的两队就是Toronto和
Vancouver。从1996年起，战绩最差的球队依然有25％的机会（250组组合）赢得状元
签，第二的则是从20%，200组减少成6.4％，64组，第七依然不变，4.4％，44组，从第
八的（2.9％，29组）到第12间（0.6％，6组）机率则有些微的增加，而第13（0.5％，
5组）依然不变。若球队战绩相同则平分组合，当无法平分时，用丢铜板来决定额外的
机会。
2004-Present: 14-team Lottery
The 2004 NBA Draft Lottery increased to 14 teams with the addition of the
Charlotte Bobcats. Although a part of the 2004 Draft Lottery the Bobcats are
locked into the fourth position in the Draft and therefore do not have a
chance to receive other picks in the Lottery. The 2004 NBA Draft Lottery
essentially decides picks one through three and four through 14.
2004：14队的乐透
2004年的乐透因为Charlotte Bobcats所以增为14队。因为山猫队拿了第四顺位，
所以就不能再参加乐透，2004年NBA选秀实质上要决定的顺位只有1到3和5到14顺位。
PS.那年山猫拿4和33去和快艇换2，选了Emeka Okafor。
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