http://www.roundballcity.com/xoops/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2190Junk Mail：不凑个热闹好像不行
发表者 hoopjunkie 于 2005-10-25 11:45:25 (7006 人气)
圆球作者有个不知该算好还是不好的习惯，要不就大家人间蒸发、不见踪影，要不就是针对某个议题集体跳出来你一言我一语。最新的案例叫作dress code，看来我不凑个热闹好像不行。
针对dress code，许多人都陆续发表了看法。我突然想起，不知道有多少人真正看过dress code的内容呢？幸好，网络的好处就是长度不受限，所以，以下就是NBA官方发给球员和球队的备忘录原文。我们都可以花一点时间再仔细的看看。
NBA Dress Code原文
MEMO TO: NBA PLAYERS
FROM: DAVID STERN, RUSS GRANIK, ADAM SILVER, AND STU JACKSON
DATE: OCTOBER 17, 2005
RE: NBA PLAYER DRESS CODE
We know that you share our desire that NBA players be appreciated not only for their extraordinary talent and hard work, but also for their accessibility to fans, their community service, and their professionalism - both on and off the court. To that end, we will be instituting, effective with the start of the regular season, a league-wide "minimum" dress code. Many teams have previously issued their own dress codes, designed to demonstrate the seriousness with which their players take the representation of their teams, their cities, and our league; our new dress code is not intended to affect any of those that are more formal than what is set forth below:
1. General Policy: Business Casual
Players are required to wear Business Casual attire whenever they are engaged in team or league business.
"Business Casual" attire means
● A long or short-sleeved dress shirt (collared or turtleneck), and/or a sweater.
● Dress slacks, khaki pants, or dress jeans.
● Appropriate shoes and socks, including dress shoes, dress boots, or other presentable shoes, but not including sneakers, sandals, flip-flops, or work boots.
"Team or league business" includes all activity conducted on behalf of the team or the league during which the player is seen by, or interacts with, fans, business partners, members of the public, the media, or other third parties. It includes arriving at games (car or team bus to locker room), leaving games (locker room to team bus or car), attending games when not in uniform, participating in team or league events with business partners or in the community, conducting media interviews, and making promotional or other appearances.
2. Exceptions to Business Casual
There are the following exceptions to the general policy of Business Casual attire:
a. Players In Attendance At Games But Not In Uniform
Players who are in attendance at games but not in uniform are required to wear the following additional items when seated on the bench or in the stands during the game:
● Sport Coat
● Dress shoes or boots, and socks
b. Players Leaving the Arena
Players leaving the arena may wear either Business Casual attire or neat warm-up suits issued by their teams.
c. Special Events or Appearances
Teams can make exceptions to the Business Casual policy for special events or player appearances where other attire is appropriate - e.g., participation in a basketball clinic.
3. Excluded Items
The following is a list of items that players are not allowed to wear while on team or league business:
● Sleeveless shirts
● Shorts
● T-shirts, jerseys, or sports apparel (unless appropriate for the event (e.g., a basketball clinic), team-identified, and approved by the team)
● Headgear of any kind while a player is sitting on the bench or in the stands at a game, during media interviews, or during a team or league event or appearance (unless appropriate for the event or appearance, team-identified, and approved by the team)
● Chains, pendants, or medallions worn over the player's clothes
● Sunglasses while indoors
● Headphones (other than on the team bus or plane, or in the team locker room)
We know it's not possible to create a dress policy that will anticipate every possible situation. Our policy will therefore be interpreted in all cases to ensure that players are neatly and professionally attired, while not being unfairly burdensome.
Thank you in advance for your continued cooperation. Good luck to all for the 2005-06 season.
把这个条款解释为种族岐视，似乎太无限上纲了一点。对我来说，这整件事很简单，它是一个企业内部的「内规」，就像公司规定不准穿短裤、拖鞋上班，女孩子不准穿着膝上短裙、露脚趾的鞋子上班一样。你说它烦不烦？有些规定的确很烦，但它是否违法，甚至如同某些人说的违宪？拜托，当然没有。
最近看了不少谈论dress code的文章，我对部份美国记者直指此规定为种族岐视的论调颇无法苟同。
前阵子卡崔娜飓风袭击美国墨西哥湾区时，各大新闻网站(特别是Yahoo)曾经发生一件事。由于灾区的灾民等不到救援，灾后数天纽奥良开始出现抢劫。争议的是，在Yahoo News的新闻图片中，图说中只要出现「looting」(抢劫)这个字眼，配的照片一定是黑人，不是提着大包小包，就是刚从运动用品社走出来，手中抱着一堆Nike鞋盒。一对白人男女拎着几袋面包，图说却写成他们正在「寻找食物」(found the food)。结果引起网络上一片挞伐，Yahoo除了出面声明绝无种族岐视用意，迅速修正照片之外，也向外界道歉。
如果你问我，什么叫种族岐视？这才叫作标准的种族岐视。
尽管许多人指称NBA此举是在打压hip-hop文化，这也确实是值得讨论的一点，却绝对称不上是种族岐视。一个问题是，NBA不会笨到不清楚hip-hop是使NBA欢迎度大增的关键元素之一，那么它为什么要打压hip-hop？
合理的解释是，NBA确实面临形象问题。大家都说，穿着、外表无法解决形象问题，也不是形象的全部，但至少它是形象的一部份。连黑人意识十分强烈的导演Spike Lee也说，NBA此举是为了形象问题，因为image is everything。当NBA的赞助商都认为它有形象问题，应尽速改善，即使限制穿着无法完全导正形象，NBA也不得不作改变，而David Stern身为NBA的CEO，他的职责正在此。
另一个很有趣的点是，四大职业运动中的许多球队，早就订有类似的dress code，如果dress code真是冲着黑人而来，为什么独独只有NBA的dress code引起争议？只因为它是全联盟实行吗？
话说回来，反对dress code的人当然大有人在，小牛老板Mark Cuban就是其一。但Stern是NBA董事会聘任的执行长，如果反对声浪如此之大，不用担心，董事会会把他干掉的。
有个美国记者写得好：如果你不喜欢戴着米老鼠耳朵到处跑，就不要到狄士尼乐园应征。另一名记者写着：NBA球员的问题是，他们认为世界上应该有法律，但是法律不适用在他们身上。他们认为打篮球是一份工作(job)，但他们不是一般的企业员工。第三个记者写得更妙：不知为什么，我突然想起选秀会上每个菜鸟都穿着西装、开开心心和Stern握手的模样…
NBA里里外外，对dress code有着不同的看法，民主社会就是如此。我们来看看不同球员有什么样的说法：
Andrei Kirilenko: I don't think it's quite comfortable, but it's probably reasonable…
Penny Hardaway: The dress code takes some individuality out of the equation ... but it's not a bad thing.
Jalen Rose: I'm a dresser, so it's not going to be that much of a change for me.
OK，以上可能会被称上是NBA官方版的发言，那么再来看看以下的反对派发言：
Allen Iverson: I feel like if they want us to dress a certain way, they should pay for our clothes," he said. "It's just tough, man, knowing that all of a sudden you have to have a dress code out of nowhere. I don't think that's still going to help the image of the league at all.
Jason Richardson: You still wear a suit, you still could be a crook. You see all what happened with Enron and Martha Stewart. Just because you dress a certain way doesn't mean you're that way. Hey, a guy could come in with baggy jeans, a do-rag and have a Ph.D., and a person who comes in with a suit could be a three-time felon. So, it's not what you wear, it's how you present yourself.
Stephen Jackson: I have no problem dressing up ... because I know I'm a nice-looking guy. But as far as chains, I definitely feel that's a racial statement. Almost 100 percent of the guys in the league who are young and black wear big chains. So I definitely don't agree with that at all.
Antawan Jamison: As far as when we're traveling, I don't see that as being necessary. We're the first ones at the arenas so no one sees us and then we're out of here and on a plane where no one sees us so why does it matter what we're wearing?"
其中可能以Jason Richardson最能说清楚反对派的论点。说起来，反对派也不是全然反对dress code，他们特别注意的重点是金项链(chains)以及前往球场、客场旅行的途中，为什么不能穿得舒服一点。这也不是没有道理，所以，可以检讨的是dress code的内容，而非全盘将dress code打为种族岐视。
反对派发言中比较令人失望的是，许多人将娱乐业(entertainment)、艺人(artist)、饶舌歌手(rapper)挂在嘴上，这些球员黑、白都有，而这不恰恰说明了现在球员的心态？他们已经快将球员和艺人画上等号。
回到根本，dress code的问题和三个基本元素有关：时代、形象、金钱。
问问老球员如Bill Russell、Bob Cousy、Clyde Frazier，他们可能将dress code视为必然，正同我们当年无奈的接受发禁，却没有人到教育部外静坐抗议，声称教育部违反人权一样。确实，不同的时代和价值观，是导致dress code争议的一大原因，但是这无从改变。价值观的冲突，永远是个无解的问题。
根据NBA内部聘请2004年竞选美国总统的Bush/Chaney阵营策略操盘大将Matthew Dowd调查结果，NBA的整体联盟形象在四大职运中垫底，尽管它可能是最赚钱的联盟之一，也尽管球员均对此嗤之以鼻。而这正是Stern紧张之处，也是dress code的来由之一。正因为NBA球员是可见度最高(most visible)的，穿着才会成为这么大的问题。
再看看最现实的金钱面，撇开球技不谈，Michael Jordan、Kobe Bryant、LeBron James、Grant Hill，之所以能成为最成功的广告代言人，赚进大把钞票，正因为他们小心的维护本身形象。你认为是什么原因，让Iverson、Sprewell的代言广告不多呢？
我举双手赞同Iverson的「I am what I am」哲学，但是，作自己并不是可以为所欲为，I am what I am并不等于I can do whatever I want。我们─和NBA球员们─愈快了解这一点，dress code的争议就愈不构成争议。
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