比如这篇文章 自己翻译一下

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a common
problem in postmenopausal women with a prevalence of
about 50% [1–3]. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is
due to the decrease in estrogen production from both ovaries
in postmenopausal women. Estrogen depletion affects several
organs, including the vaginal and urethralmucosae,leading to
a reduction in vaginal secretion, thinning of the vaginal and
urethral mucosae, and vaginal dryness, inflammation, and ob-
struction. Patients with this syndrome usually develop lower
urinary tract symptoms, including increased urinary urgency
and frequency, nocturia, urinary incontinence, urinary tract
infection, vaginal dryness and irritation, and dyspareunia [4].
These symptoms are bothersome and affect the patients’ qual-
ity of life (QoL) [5].
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is clinically diag-
nosed by obtaining the clinical history of the patient and by
conducting physical and pelvic examinations. The common
pelvic examination findings in patients with GSM as a result
of estrogen depletion are vaginal dryness, loss of vaginal ru-
gae, increased vaginal pH, leukorrhea, urethral or vaginal at-
rophy,meatalstenosis,andurethralprolapse.Subject-reported
symptoms and clinical findings were categorized into three
groups,externalgenitaliasymptoms(vaginaldryness,pruritus
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修改:CFDA FROM 117.136.55.*
FROM 117.136.55.*