第六种方法： 差异性强化（DR）
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative, Incompatible, or Other Behavior (DR)
Differential reinforcement of alternative, incompatible, or other behavior (DRA/I/O) is a systematic process that increases desirable behavior or the absence of an undesirable behavior by providing positive consequences for demonstration/non-demonstration of such behavior. Undesirable behaviors are those that interfere with the learner’s development, relationships, and health (e.g., disengagement, tantrums, aggression, self-injury). The learner is provided such consequence when: a) the learner is engaging in a specific desired behavior other than the undesirable behavior (DRA), b) the learner is engaging in a behavior that is physically impossible to do while exhibiting the undesirable behavior (DRI), or c) the learner is not engaging in the undesirable behavior (DRO). Differential reinforcement is often used with other evidence-based practices such as prompting to teach the learner behaviors that are more desirable or incompatible with interfering behavior.
中文：替代性、不相容性或其他行为的差异性强化（DRA/I/O）是一种系统性过程，通过为展示/不展示这种行为提供积极后果，增加了期望的行为或不期望行为的缺席。不期望的行为是指干扰学习者发展、人际关系和健康的行为（例如，冷漠、发脾气、攻击行为、自伤行为）。当学习者进行以下行为时，会提供这种后果：a）学习者正在从事与不期望行为不同的特定期望行为（DRA），b）学习者正在进行在表现不期望行为时物理上不可能进行的行为（DRI），或c）学习者没有从事不期望的行为（DRO）。差异性强化通常与其他基于证据的实践一起使用，如提示，以教授学习者更加期望或与干扰行为不兼容的行为。
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